Investigations on limestone weathering of el‐tuba minaret el mehalla, Egypt : A case study
Part of : Mediterranean archaeology & archaeometry : international journal ; Vol.10, No.1, 2010, pages 61-79
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Pages:
61-79
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Abstract:
The weathering phenomena that have affected El‐TUBA Minaret, one of the most important Islamic stone minarets in middle delta in Egypt; that has suffered from several factors of deterioration due to weathering phenomenon. The present investigationsconcern the weathering factors that may have affected the minaret via the following methods and techniques: a) Contact‐free methods used to study the chemical and mineralogical composition of building materials before and after weathering effects such asSEM‐EDX and XRD, b) Non‐destructive methods to find out percentage of range of decay which has affected these materials as well as the deteriorating roles of the surrounding environment. This method has been used to make an anatomical scheme of thesefeatures especially to specific deteriorated parts by GIS and other digital imaging techniques. All results confirm that the degradation factors affecting the minaret building materials are essentially attributed to direct effects of weathering phenomena. Theseweathering phenomena arise from physical and chemical mechanisms which have lead to many deterioration forms on the following two scales: a) Macro scale of weathering phenomena (e.g. structural damages, crakes, loss of plumb and walls bulging), b) Micro scale of weathering phenomena (e.g. hydrated salts, bursting, flaking, coloration, scaling, skinning, exfoliation and soiling). Discussion on the management and rehabilitation of this monument is made, since it is one of the religious shrines in Egypt.
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Keywords:
Crusting, Flaking, Limestone, Pitting, Scaling, Soiling, Weathering
