Η λατινική φάση του καθολικού της μονής Φανερωμένης στη Σαλαμίνα και η ανοικοδόμησή του κατά την Τουρκοκρατία
Part of : Δελτίον της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας ; Vol.46, 2007, pages 131-146
Issue:
Pages:
131-146
Parallel Title:
The Latin Phase of the Katholikon of the Phaneromeni Monastery and the Rebuilding in the Ottoman Period
Section Title:
Articles
Abstract:
The Phaneromeni monastery on Salamis was founded by Hosios Laurentios in 1670 and soon became the religious centre of the island (Figs 1 and 2). The katholikon of the monastery was dated to the late seventeenth century by Georgios Soteriou. However, in the light of considerable evidence now available, a new documentation of the monument was considered necessary, in which several chronological phases can be detected (Figs 7 and 8). Study of the monastery archives revealed that the present katholikon is not a late seventeenth-century building as was hitherto believed, but dates from the early eighteenth century; it can be date securely between 1718 and 1732. The katholikon of this phase was not built on its own foundations but on those of a pre-existing ruined church, to which a new roof and dome were added (Figs 3,4, and 6). Thorough investigation of the structure of the building led to the discovery of many kinds of masonry, indicating that there are remains from the period of the Latin Occupation (13th-14th century) as well as of the Byzantine Age. The morphological and typological analysis of the katholikon unmasked a Latin church and suggested that the bema belonged to an earlier Byzantine church (Fig. 5). The Latin church, which was probably built between 1296 and 1317, belongs to the "Romanesque Lombardish School", although the berna was influenced by patterns of the "French Romanesque School". To date, this is the only such monument known in Greece. The Latin church was a three-aisled basilica with wooden roof, with a fanlight, and groined vaults covering the lateral aisles. The bema preserves the form introduced in the church of Cluny III and the façade resembles that of St Michael in Pavia. The façade of the Latin church was quite well preserved until the early eighteenth century, when it was considerably restructured at the time of the building of the new church. A new four-column façade with entablature and pediment was added to give a Classicizing appearance (Figs 10-15). The katholikon of the Phaneromeni monastery in its eighteenth-century phase was the model for the three-aisled basilicas with dome in southern Greece, while its façade introduced for the first time on such a scale the Western architecture of Classicism in Greece. All these modifications were made to a Romanesque Lombardish church, which in its turn was based on a Byzantine church whose bema is still quite well preserved (Figs 7, 8, and 13). However, whether the Byzantine church was built on top of the ancient temple of Athena Skiras, as some researchers maintain, cannot be confirmed.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
