Η αρχαία ελληνική τραγωδία ως αισθητικό φανέρωμα και ως φορέας ανθρωπιστικών αξιών δια μέσου των αιώνων
Part of : Χρονικά αισθητικής : ετήσιον δελτίον της Ελληνικής Εταιρείας Αισθητικής ; Vol.41, No.Α, 2001, pages 247-261
Issue:
Pages:
247-261
Parallel Title:
Ancient Greek tragedy as an aesthetic manifestation and bearer of humanistic values through the ages
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Ανακοινώσεις/papers/articles
Abstract:
Ancient Greeks discovered different forms of order in the world, concerning a) understanding (νόησις), which is νομοτέλεια, b) the sense (αϊσθησις) which is beautiful (ώραϊον).Justice (δίκαιον), one of the main characteristic motifs in our life, was considered by Aeschylus to be the essence of drama. According to him the idea of justice must be closely connected with man (άνθρωπος). Μοίρα is another motif found in Aeschylus (Oresteia).In Sophocles’s Antigone, a drama which has greatly influenced us over the centuries, the heroine emphasizes the superiority of divine law over human law as well as her sorrow and pain for her dead brother, for she cannot suffer the defilement of his corpse by vultures.Euripides presents Phaedra and Medea as the personification of the nationalistic dynamics of the human soul. The mythical heroes of Greek drama, Electra, Orestes, Hippolytus, Prometheus etc., can easily be stripped of their mythological dress and be seen as modern heroes.The philosophy of tragic poets is ruled by ethical values and ideas. Ethical order is in everything, even in eternal (divine) law, and is the prerequisite for human happiness; the reverence for Gods, the knowledge of human capacities is sung of in the famous choric ode in Antigone; on the other hand the realization of the ephemeral character of man’s life must lead us to wisdom, not to imprudency (e.g. in the case of Aeas, in the homonymous Sophoclean drama).In Greek tragedy we find ideas concerning the beginning of the world (principia mundi), love (έρως), motherland (πατρίς) and the role, as well as the duties, of a good political archon etc.The basic element for happiness is also the aesthetic enjoyment offered by tragedy, connected with the innate element of beauty, which also contributes to the deliverance of our soul ; and so we have the Aristotelian katharsis, which is the purification of the spectator’s soul from the ecstasis and emotional exaltation.The paper concludes that ancient Greek tragedy played a great role through the ages and that ancient Greek ethical, aesthetic and social values must not be neglected or rejected in the years to come.
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Subject (LC):
Keywords:
αρχαία ελληνική τραγωδία, ηθική, θέατρο
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